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The socioecological model of addiction is one of many theories.
Objectives
Define the socio-ecological model
Apply the socioecological model to addiction
Explore different variables in the socio-ecological model
Discuss how this framework can be used in prevention and treatment of Co-Occurring Disorders
Socio-Ecological Model
This model explores and explains human behavior as the interaction between the individual and 5 environmental systems
The Microsystem
The Mesosystem
The Exosystem
The Macrosystem
The Chronosystem
Exploring the Model
Microsystem: Institutions and groups that most directly impact the person including: personal biology, family, school, church, peers, neighborhood.
Mesosystem: Interconnections between microsystems
Interactions between the family and teachers, Relationship between the child’s peers and the family
Exploring the Model
Exosystem: Involves links between a social setting in which the individual does not have an active role (spouse’s work) and the individual’s immediate context (home environment).
Macrosystem: Describes the culture (i.e. socioeconomic status, poverty, and ethnicity.) People, homes and individual work places are part of a large cultural context.
Exploring the Model
Chronosystem: Events and transitions over the life course, as well as sociohistorical (birth, divorce, marriage, moves)
Individual
Biological and personal history factors that increase the likelihood of addiction or mental health disorders
Some of these factors are
Pre-existing mental health issues
Chronic Pain
Low self-esteem
Individual
Biological and personal history factors that increase the likelihood of addiction or mental health disorders
Some of these factors are age, education, income, substance use, or history of abuse.
Individual
Prevention strategies are designed to promote attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors that ultimately provide the person with healthy coping skills, an awareness of positive health behaviors and the ability to effectively communicate.
Specific approaches may include education and life skills training.
Relationship
The second level examines close relationships that may increase the risk of experimenting with high-risk behaviors
A person’s closest social circle-peers, partners and family members-influences their behavior and contributes to their range of experience.
Relationship
Risk factors include
Lack of family involvement
A parent or sibling with mental health problems or an addiction
Peer pressure
Prevention
Strategies at this level may include
Parenting or family-focused prevention programs,
Mentoring and peer programs
Relationship
Designed to
Improve self-esteem
Foster problem solving skills
Promote healthy relationships.
Community
Identify the characteristics of settings, in which social relationships occur which are associated with developing addictive behaviors, such as:
Schools
Workplaces
Neighborhoods
Community
Prevention strategies at this level are typically designed to impact the social and physical environment by:
Reducing social isolation
Improving economic and housing opportunities
Improving the climate, processes, and policies within community, school and workplace settings.
Summary
Bio-Socioecological Model identifies how the individual impacts and is impacted by not only his own characteristics, but also those of family, peers, community and culture
Prevention can take the form of
Preventing the problem
Preventing worsening of the problem
Preventing associated fall out
Summary
Any change in the system will have an effect on all other parts of the system
Addressing addictive behaviors requires a multipronged approach
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